THERMOELECTRIC UNITS COOL CELLULAR BASE STATIONSKeyWords:(Thermoelectric Cooler TEC Peltier)

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TECs Cool Cellular Base Stations

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Dallas, Texas -- Cooling an enclosure not only prevents components from frying,
it can also let you use commercial grade components rather than military grade. The difference? Commercial grade electronics operate at up to 70°C; military electronics operate at up to 125°C, but cost twice as much.

Motorola's cellular Infrastructure Group is developing an extensive wireless personal communications system. The system will use bay stations as relay points to transmit signals from cellular phones and other devices. The stations will be housed in 2.5' x 2' x 1' enclosures located on building exteriors and telephone polls.

When Motorola wanted to have an enclosure cooled to 50°C to use commercial electronics, the company turned to Marlow Industries, which developed a design that uses thermoelectric coolers in the enclosure doors.

A standard compressor system would not work in the enclosure because of its size and the inability of the working fluid to recondense. Thermoelectric coolers are much smaller and inherently more reliable because they have no moving parts. They are essentially heat pumps made of bismuth telluride semiconductor material. Direct current moves heat from one side of the cooler to the other.

Inside the enclosure door, three groups of six thermoelectric coolers wired in series draw 9.4A at 156V.

Sandwiched between pairs of hot and cold-side heat exchangers, 18 thermoelectric coolers pump up to 1000W of heat to keep the enclosure's temperature at 50°C.

Each group is sandwiched between two heat exchangers. A squirrel cage fan moves air throughout the enclosure, stabilizing the temperature at 50°C in ambient conditions. "We had to specifically design the coolers to fit this application," according to the Marlow Project Manager. "The design offers ease of manufacturability for Motorola. For units that require active cooling, the thermoelectric door is attached. Units that will be located in cold climates will have a standard door. The units can be manufactured on one assembly line."

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